What is Acid Reflux?
Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the tube connecting the mouth and stomach. This backwash can irritate the lining of your esophagus and lead to discomfort.
What Causes Acid Reflux?
The primary cause of acid reflux is a weakened or dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which normally acts as a valve that lets food into the stomach but not back up into the esophagus. Factors that can contribute to this include:
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Certain foods and beverages
- Medications
- Stress.
What are the Symptoms of Acid Reflux?
Common symptoms include a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night. Other symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of food or sour liquid, and a sensation of a lump in the throat.
How is Acid Reflux Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a review of symptoms and medical history. Tests may include an upper endoscopy, a pH test to measure esophageal acidity, or an esophageal motility test to assess movement and pressure in the esophagus.
How is Acid Reflux Treated?
Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss, elevating the head during sleep, and avoiding trigger foods are often recommended. Over-the-counter medications like antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can also help. In severe cases, surgery may be an option.
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